Cytokines are pleotrophic proteins that coordinate the host response to infection as well as
mediate normal, ongoing signaling between cells of nonimmune tissues, including the …

Astrocytes are specialized and the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system
(CNS). They play important roles in the physiology of the brain. Astrocytes are also critically …

During development of the mammalian nervous system, neural stem cells generate neurons
first and glia second, thereby allowing the initial establishment of neural circuitry, and …

The Notch pathway is prominent among those known to regulate neural development in
vertebrates. Notch receptor activation can inhibit neurogenesis, maintain neural progenitor …

Advances in the study of brain development over the last decades, especially recent findings
regarding the evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex, and large-scale analyses of …

Transcription factors with bHLH motifs modulate critical events in the development of the
mammalian neocortex. Multipotent cortical progenitors are maintained in a proliferative state …

Although the Notch and JAK–STAT signalling pathways fulfill overlapping roles in growth
and differentiation regulation, no coordination mechanism has been proposed to explain …

DNA methylation is a major epigenetic factor that has been postulated to regulate cell
lineage differentiation. We report here that conditional gene deletion of the maintenance …

During development of the CNS, neurons and glia are generated in a sequential manner.
The mechanism underlying the later onset of gliogenesis is poorly understood, although the …

The mammalian nervous system is the most complex organ of any living organism. How this
complexity is generated during neural development is just beginning to be elucidated. This …