Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases have a strong negative impact on public
health. However, because many of these pathogens must be handled in biosafety level, 3 or …

Pseudoviruses are viral particles coated with a heterologous envelope protein, which
mediates the entry of pseudoviruses as efficiently as that of the live viruses possessing high …

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging infectious disease associated with
a relatively high mortality rate of approximately 40%. MERS is caused by MERS coronavirus …

Cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) by host cell proteases is essential for virus
infectivity and spread. We previously demonstrated in vitro that the transmembrane protease …

Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary target of the humoral response during
infection/vaccination. Current influenza vaccines typically fail to elicit/boost broadly …

Inaccuracies in prediction of circulating viral strain genotypes and the possibility of novel
reassortants causing a pandemic outbreak necessitate the development of an anti-influenza …

Dissolvable microneedle (DMN) patches for immunization have multiple benefits, including
vaccine stability and ease-of-use. However, conventional DMN fabrication methods have …

Serological techniques commonly used to quantify influenza-specific antibodies include the
Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI), Single Radial Haemolysis (SRH) and Virus Neutralization …

Pseudotype neutralization assays are powerful tools to study functional antibody responses
against viruses in low biosafety laboratories. However, protocols described in the literature …

The use of vaccination against the influenza virus remains the most effective method of
mitigating the significant morbidity and mortality caused by this virus. Antibodies elicited by …