Patients with acute heart failure (AHF) require urgent in‐hospital treatment for relief of
symptoms. The main reason for hospitalization is congestion, rather than low cardiac output …

Despite advances in biomarkers and technology, the clinical examination (ie, a history and
physical examination) remains central in the management of patients with heart failure …

Background—We determined whether estimated hemodynamics from history and physical
examination (H&P) reflect invasive measurements and predict outcomes in advanced heart …

Congestion plays a major role in the pathogenesis, presentation, and prognosis of heart
failure and is an important therapeutic target. However, its severity and organ and …

An understanding of the complexity of the cardiovascular system is incomplete without a
knowledge of the venous system. It is important for students to understand that, in a closed …

Background The pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi), defined as the ratio of pulmonary
artery pulse pressure to right atrial pressure, emerged as a powerful predictor of right …

Fluid balance management is of great importance in the critically ill cardiac patient. Although
intravenous fluids are a cornerstone therapy in the management of unstable patients …

Physical examination of the cardiovascular system is central to contemporary teaching and
practice in clinical medicine. Evidence about its value focuses on its diagnostic accuracy …

Determination of volume status is crucial in treating acutely ill patients. This study examined
bedside ultrasonography of the internal jugular vein (IJV) to predict central venous pressure …

Background In patients with advanced heart failure (HF), elevated jugular venous pressure
(JVP) is the most reliable sign of elevated left-sided filling pressures. However, discordance …