Recent scientific discoveries that resulted from the application of next-generation DNA
sequencing technologies highlight the striking impact of these massively parallel platforms …

Museums and other natural history collections (NHC) worldwide house millions of
specimens. With the advent of molecular genetic approaches these collections have …

During the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Arctic biotas experienced substantial climatic
changes, yet the nature, extent and rate of their responses are not fully understood …

Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of
Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft …

The processes leading up to species extinctions are typically characterized by prolonged
declines in population size and geographic distribution, followed by a phase in which …

ABSTRACT DNA sequences determined from ancient organisms have high error rates,
primarily due to uracil bases created by cytosine deamination. We use synthetic …

Although many animals communicate vocally, no extant creature rivals modern humans in
language ability. Therefore, knowing when and under what evolutionary pressures our …

A complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence was reconstructed from a 38,000 year-old
Neandertal individual with 8341 mtDNA sequences identified among 4.8 Gb of DNA …

Neanderthals are the extinct hominid group most closely related to contemporary humans,
so their genome offers a unique opportunity to identify genetic changes specific to …

Large vertebrates are strong interactors in food webs, yet they were lost from most
ecosystems after the dispersal of modern humans from Africa and Eurasia. We call for …