Background Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) implementation in spinal surgery
has expanded rapidly over the past decade. This systematic review summarizes the use of …

Background Surgery is often a complex process that requires detailed 3‐dimensional
anatomical knowledge and rigorous interplay between team members to attain ideal …

Strong forces are pushing minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) to the forefront of spine
care. Less-invasive surgical techniques have been enabled by a variety of technical …

Objective To determine whether the last touched vertebra (LTV) on supine radiographs is
suitable for the lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) …

Background and Objectives: Advances in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and
mixed reality (MR) technologies have resulted in their increased application across many …

Google Cardboard (GC) has emerged as an affordable and user-friendly virtual reality (VR)
viewer with significant potential as a pedagogical tool in educational settings. This article …

Background: The recent development of three-dimensional (3D) technologies introduces a
novel set of opportunities to the medical field in general, and specifically to surgery. The …

Three-dimensional imaging is at the core of medical imaging and is becoming a standard in
biological research. As a result, there is an increasing need to visualize, analyze and …

Introduction In idiopathic scoliosis, the anterior spinal column has rotated away from the
midline and has become longer through unloading and expansion of the intervertebral …

Introduction: The integration of augmented reality (AR) in spine surgery marks a significant
advancement, enhancing surgical precision and patient outcomes. AR provides immersive …