Reinforcers affect behavior. A fundamental assumption has been that reinforcers strengthen
the behavior they follow, and that this strengthening may be context‐specific (stimulus …

A reliance on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and misinterpretations of its results
are thought to contribute to the replication crisis while impeding the development of a …

Nonhuman animal models show that reinforcers control behavior through what they signal
about the likelihood of future events, but such control is generally imperfect. Imperfect control …

Resurgence is the recurrence of a previously reinforced and then extinguished behavior
induced by the extinction of another more recently reinforced behavior. Resurgence …

Behavior in the present depends critically on experience in similar environments in the past.
Such past experience may be important in controlling behavior not because it determines …

We assessed whether novel praise statements could be used to (a) maintain and increase
responses with existing reinforcement histories and (b) teach a previously untaught …

The extent to which a stimulus exerts control over behavior depends largely on its
informativeness. However, when reinforcers have discriminative properties, they often exert …

The field of behavior analysis has grown within a rigid, antiteleological framework in which
the past mechanistically determines the present. Although this framework has facilitated …

Stimuli that provide information about likely future reinforcers tend to shift behavior, provided
a reliable relation between the stimulus and the reinforcer can be discriminated. Stimuli that …

Both the response-reinforcer and stimulus-reinforcer relation are important in discrimination
learning; differential responding requires a minimum of two discriminably-different stimuli …