High and changing salt concentrations represent major abiotic factors limiting the growth of
microorganisms. During their long evolution, cyanobacteria have adapted to aquatic habitats …

Mrp (M ultiple r esistance and p H) antiporter was identified as a gene complementing an
alkaline-sensitive mutant strain of alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans C-125 in 1990. At that …

We conducted an analysis of the topology of AtNHX1, an Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar
Na+/H+ antiporter. Several hydrophilic regions of the antiporter were tagged with a …

Since the discovery of the first intracellular Na+/H+ exchanger in yeast, Nhx1, multiple
homologs have been cloned and characterized in plants. Together, studies in these …

Desalination processes are critical for producing freshwater from salty water, and an algae-
based desalination approach has drawn increasing attention as a potential low-cost and …

Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae), Phormidium versicolor (Cyanophyceae), and
Cylindrotheca closterium (Bacillariophyceae) were isolated from three ponds in the solar …

Cyanobacteria form a major component of the biota of hypersaline environments including
salt lakes, solar salterns, hypersaline lagoons, and hypersaline sulphur springs …

The salt tolerance of a freshwater cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942,
transformed with genes involved in the synthesis of a Na+/H+ antiporter, betaine, catalase …

Glycine betaine (N, N, N-trimethylglycine) is an important osmoprotectant and is synthesized
in response to abiotic stresses. Although almost all known biosynthetic pathways of betaine …

Alkaline phosphatases (APases) are important enzymes in organophosphate utilization.
Three prokaryotic APase gene families, PhoA, PhoX, and PhoD, are known; however, their …