Even as numerous studies have documented that the red and yellow coloration resulting
from the deposition of carotenoids serves as an honest signal of condition, the evolution of …

Carotenoids are indispensable for human health, required as precursors of vitamin A and
efficient antioxidants. However, these plant pigments that play a vital role in photosynthesis …

Thirty years of research has made carotenoid coloration a textbook example of an honest
signal of individual quality, but tests of this idea are surprisingly inconsistent. Here, to …

Bright-red colors in vertebrates are commonly involved in sexual, social, and interspecific
signaling [1–8] and are largely produced by ketocarotenoid pigments. In land birds …

The yellow and red feather pigmentation of many bird species [1] plays pivotal roles in social
signaling and mate choice [2, 3]. To produce red pigments, birds ingest yellow carotenoids …

Many of the colour displays of animals are proposed to have evolved in response to female
mate choice for honest signals of quality, but such honest signalling requires mechanisms to …

Red coloration is a salient feature of the natural world. Many vertebrates produce red color
by converting dietary yellow carotenoids into red ketocarotenoids via an unknown …

The study of coloration in the polyphyletic reptilians has flourished in the last two decades, in
particular with respect to the underlying genetics of colour traits, the function of colours in …

Sexual dichromatism, a difference in coloration between males and females, may be due to
sexual selection for ornamentation and mate choice. Here, we show that carotenoid-based …

Carotenoid coloration is widely recognized as a signal of individual condition in various
animals, but despite decades of study, the mechanisms that link carotenoid coloration to …