Ethanol is one of the most commonly abused drugs. Although environmental and genetic
factors contribute to the etiology of alcohol use disorders, it is ethanol's actions in the brain …

Rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is located in the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus, and is
divided into the medial orbital area, ventral orbital area, ventrolateral orbital area, lateral …

Alcohol use disorder remains a substantial social, health, and economic problem and
problem drinking levels in women have been increasing in recent years. Understanding …

Background Alcohol use disorder is characterized by compulsive alcohol intake, or drinking
despite negative consequences. Previous studies have shown that female rodents have a …

Punishment involves learning about the relationship between behavior and its adverse
consequences. Punishment is fundamental to reinforcement learning, decision-making and …

Ethanol (EtOH) has effects on numerous cellular molecular targets, and alterations in
synaptic function are prominent among these effects. Acute exposure to EtOH activates or …

Background More women are being diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD), are
increasing the amount of alcohol they are drinking, and are partaking in risky drinking …

One of the major functions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is to promote flexible motivated
behavior. It is no surprise, therefore, that recent work has demonstrated a prominent impact …

Rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) differ between men and women, and there is also
marked variation between sexes in the effects of acute and chronic alcohol. In parallel to …

Alcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to
stop or control alcohol use despite adverse consequences. A main challenge of addiction …