Recent progress in plate tectonic reconstructions has seen models move beyond the
classical idea of continental drift by attempting to reconstruct the full evolving configuration of …

Reconstructing Earth history during the Hadean defies the traditional rock-based approach
in geology. Given the extremely limited locality of Hadean zircons, some indirect approach …

The evolving mosaic of tectonic plates across the surface of the Earth sets boundary
conditions for the evolution of biotic and abiotic processes and helps shape the dynamics of …

The evolution of the Northern Hemisphere oceanic gateways has facilitated ocean
circulation changes and may have influenced climatic variations in the Cenozoic time (66 …

The fossil record reveals that biotic diversity has fluctuated quasi-cyclically through
geological time. However, the causal mechanisms of biotic diversity cycles remain …

The sedimentary rock record suggests that global sea levels may have fluctuated by
hundreds of meters throughout Phanerozoic times. Long-term (10–80 Myr) sea level change …

The validity of sea level estimates based on stratigraphic correlations has been debated
since the 1990 s as relative sea level curves differ between sites due to local tectonics …

Long-term variations in eustatic sea level in an ice-free world, which existed through most of
the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic eras, are partly driven by changes in the volume of ocean …

A review of short-term (< 3 myr: c. 100 kyr to 2.4 myr) Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations of
several tens of metres indicates recent fundamental progress in understanding the …

Oceans on Earth are present as a result of dynamic equilibrium between degassing and
regassing through the interaction with Earth's interior. We review mineral physics …