Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common clinical syndrome that produces significant
morbidity and costs to our health system. The study of CRS has progressed from an era …

Objective Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct
pathophysiologic mechanisms. Based on transcription factor expression and cytokine …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is frequently managed with endoscopic
sinus surgery (ESS). Prior studies describe individual clinical variables and eosinophil …

Background Dupilumab, a monoclonal anti‐IL‐4Rα antibody, is approved for several type 2
mediated inflammatory diseases like asthma, atopic dermatitis, and diffuse type 2 chronic …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local
inflammation of the upper airways and is historically divided into 2 main phenotypes: CRS …

Increased IgE is a typical feature of allergic rhinitis. Local class-switch recombination has
been intimated but B cell precursors and mechanisms remain elusive. Here we describe the …

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant Ig in mucosae where it plays key roles in host
defense against pathogens and in mucosal immunoregulation. Whereas intense research …

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a major source of cytokines, which are also
produced by Th2 cells and several cell types of the innate immune system. Work over the …

In the airway, IgE is traditionally regarded as a key mediator in allergic diseases, such as AR
and allergic asthma. However, growing evidence demonstrates the importance of local IgE …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a recently identified group of innate lymphocytes that are
preferentially located at barrier surfaces. Barrier surfaces are in direct contact with complex …