Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, complex, and progressive disease that is
characterized by the abnormal remodeling of the pulmonary arteries that leads to right …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifaceted disease in which the
pulmonary vessels are often affected (1, 2). Mild pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common …

Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Its presence is associated with shorter survival and worse clinical …

The European Respiratory Society (ERS) Research Seminar entitled “Pulmonary vascular
endothelium: orchestra conductor in respiratory diseases-highlights from basic research to …

Alterations in pulmonary vessel structure and function are highly prevalent in patients with
COPD. Vascular abnormalities impair gas exchange and may result in pulmonary …

Rationale: Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, could be useful for treating pulmonary
hypertension (PH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, vasodilators …

Asymmetric (NG, NG)-dimethylarginine (ADMA) inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOS).
ADMA is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular mortality, and progression …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) because of chronic lung disease is categorized as Group 3
PH in the most recent classification system. Prevalence of these diseases is increasing over …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic expiratory
airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. COPD patients develop varying degrees of …

Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is a leading
cause of structural and functional alterations of the cardiovascular system. Most clinical and …