Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a representative inflammatory disease, currently has
multiple effective treatment options available and new therapeutic strategies are being …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common chronic tissue-specific autoimmune disease, resulting in
hair loss, that affects up to 2% of the general population. The exact pathobiology of AA has …

Granuloma annulare (GA) is an inflammatory granulomatous skin disease that can be
localized (localized GA) or disseminated (generalized GA), with patch, perforating, and …

The greener “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” methods for apremilast
(APM) analysis in pharmaceutical products and biological fluids are not currently available …

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting
areas with a high density of apocrine glands and characterized by subcutaneous nodules …

Apremilast is an orally administered small molecule that specifically inhibits the
phosphodiesterase‐4 enzyme and modulates the immune system by increasing the levels of …

Importance Cutaneous disease in dermatomyositis has no standardized treatment approach
and so presents a challenging task for patients and clinicians. Objective To study the efficacy …

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic recurring pruritic inflammatory skin disease manifested by
increased pro-inflammatory mediators which lead to dry, thickened, cracked, scaly skin. The …

Apremilast (APM) is a novel drug for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. APM is
a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, raising intracellular cAMP levels and thereby …

Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common inflammatory skin condition that significantly
impacts the quality of life. From work-related disabilities to social embarrassment, pain, and …