A common inference in research studies of observed and projected changes in global ocean
wave height and storm surge, is that such changes are potentially important for long-term …

Abstract Knowledge of the frequency of extreme sea levels informs construction of coastal
defenses, flood insurance policies, and strategic coastal adaptation plans. In the midst of …

Coastal zones are among the most complex and dynamic areas on earth. Many marine and
hydrologic processes act individually or combined in these areas and can lead to extreme …

Storm tides, which combine sea level rise (SLR), astronomical tides, and storm surges
generated by tropical cyclones, pose significant threats to coastal zones, leading to flooding …

As the interface between land and water, coastlines are highly dynamic and intricately tied to
the sediment budget. These regions have a high functional diversity and require enlightened …

Extreme sea levels (ESLs) are a major threat for low-lying coastal zones. Climate-change-
induced sea level rise (SLR) will increase the frequency of ESLs. In this study, ocean and …

Extreme sea level events, such as storm surges, pose a threat to coastlines around the
globe. Many tide gauges have been measuring the sea level and recording these extreme …

Frequency analysis of extreme storm surge is crucial for coastal flood risk assessments. To
date, such analyses are based on traditional extreme value theory (EVT) and its associated …

This study extracted historical water level data from 12 National Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Administration tide gauge stations, spanning the period from the early 20th …

Understanding extreme storm surge events that threaten low-lying coastal communities is
key to effective coastal flood mitigation and adaptation measures. However, estimates of …