Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a
key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this …

It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia
causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last …

The incidence of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between men and women, in
part because of differences in risk factors and hormones. 1 The incidence of atherosclerotic …

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is activated by phosphorylation of serine 1177 by
the protein kinase Akt/PKB. Since hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide …

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the expression of which is regulated by a
range of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, generates nitric oxide (NO) in …

Estrogen is an important vasoprotective molecule that causes the rapid dilation of blood
vessels by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through an unknown …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized
by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that …

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and can be
effectively influenced by radical scavenging enzyme activity and expression. The …

Estrogen has important effects on cardiovascular function including regulation of vascular
function, blood pressure, endothelial relaxation, and the development of hypertrophy and …

Aging is a dominant risk factor for most forms of cardiovascular disease. Impaired
angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction likely contribute to the increased prevalence of …