Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, heterogeneous, progressive disease and is the most
common type of neurodegenerative dementia. The prevalence of AD is expected to increase …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in
dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, which subsequently causes motor symptoms …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized
by cognitive decline and the presence of two core pathologies, amyloid β plaques and …

Numerous studies demonstrate that neuroinflammation is a key player in the progression of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interleukin (IL)-1β is a main inducer of inflammation and therefore …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most studied neurotrophins in the
healthy and diseased brain. As a result, there is a large body of evidence that associates …

Ageing is a major risk factor for developing many neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular
senescence is a homeostatic biological process that has a key role in driving ageing. There …

Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process characterized by a permanent state
of cell cycle arrest that can contribute to the decline of the regenerative potential and …

The state of the intestinal environment can have profound effects on the activity of the central
nervous system through the physiological contributions of the microbiota, regulation of …

Importance The association of nonmotor features and Parkinson disease (PD) is
increasingly recognized. Evidence suggests that inflammation may play a role in PD …

An autoimmune disease is defined as a clinical syndrome resulted from an instigation of
both T cell and B cell or individually, in the absence of any present infection or any sort of …