Purpose Supplementing investigator‐specified variables with large numbers of empirically
identified features that collectively serve as 'proxies' for unspecified or unmeasured factors …

The aim of this article was to perform a scoping review of methods available for dealing with
confounding when analyzing the effect of health care treatments with single‐point exposure …

Background Psoriasis and atopic eczema are common inflammatory skin diseases. Existing
research has identified increased risks of common mental disorders (anxiety, depression) in …

Objectives: Surgical and medical ICU patients are at high risk of mortality and provide a
significant cost to the healthcare system. The aim of this study is to describe the effect of …

A recent systematic review of experimental studies conducted in Turkey between 2010 and
2020 reported that small sample sizes had been a significant drawback (Bulus & Koyuncu …

Propensity score matching has been a long‐standing tradition for handling confounding in
causal inference, however, requiring stringent model assumptions. In this article, we …

Propensity score analysis is a common approach to addressing confounding in
nonrandomized studies. Its implementation, however, requires important assumptions (eg …

Background The relationship between the use of benzodiazepine-receptor agonists
(BZRAs) and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia remains inconclusive. This study …

Background Observational post-marketing assessment studies often involve evaluating the
effect of a rare treatment on a time-to-event outcome, through the estimation of a marginal …

Unlike in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), confounding control is critical for estimating the
causal effects from observational studies due to the lack of treatment randomization. Under …