Compositional heterogeneity in the mantle transition zone

S Goes, C Yu, MD Ballmer, J Yan… - Nature Reviews Earth & …, 2022 - nature.com
Earth's mantle transition zone (MTZ) is characterized by several sharp increases in seismic
wave speed between~ 300 km and~ 850 km depth. These seismic discontinuities are …

Persistence of strong silica-enriched domains in the Earth's lower mantle

MD Ballmer, C Houser, JW Hernlund… - Nature …, 2017 - nature.com
The composition of the lower mantle—comprising 56% of Earth's volume—remains poorly
constrained. Among the major elements, Mg/Si ratios ranging from∼ 0.9–1.1, such as in …

Experimental elasticity of Earth's deep mantle

H Marquardt, AR Thomson - Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2020 - nature.com
Geophysical remote-sensing methods, particularly seismology, provide an incredibly
detailed view of the structure and composition of Earth's mantle. The seismic velocity …

The Earth's lower mantle

FV Kaminsky - Composition and Structure. Cham: Springer Geology, 2017 - Springer
The Earth's lower mantle (extending from a depth of 660–2900 km) comprises more than
half (* 56%) of the total volume of the Earth. Most of the Earth's geodynamic processes stem …

High pressure-temperature phase relations of basaltic crust up to mid-mantle conditions

T Ishii, N Miyajima, G Criniti, Q Hu, K Glazyrin… - Earth and Planetary …, 2022 - Elsevier
A substantial amount of subducted basaltic crusts may exist in the lower mantle. It features
distinct chemical composition from the peridotitic mantle and plays important roles in the …

Buoyancy of slabs and plumes enhanced by curved post-garnet phase boundary

T Ishii, DJ Frost, EJ Kim, A Chanyshev, K Nishida… - Nature …, 2023 - nature.com
Mantle convection manifests in the subduction of cold slabs and the upwelling of hot plumes,
driving both near-surface processes such as volcanism and seismicity and the chemical …

The evolution of mantle plumes in East Africa

SJ Chang, E Kendall, A Davaille… - Journal of Geophysical …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Global tomography models show a large low‐velocity anomaly extending from the core‐
mantle boundary (CMB) beneath South Africa to the upper mantle in East Africa. Although it …

Confirmation of a change in the global shear velocity pattern at around 1000 km depth

S Durand, E Debayle, Y Ricard, C Zaroli… - Geophysical Journal …, 2017 - academic.oup.com
In this study, we confirm the existence of a change in the shear velocity spectrum around
1000 km depth based on a new shear velocity tomographic model of the Earth's mantle …

AxiSEM3D: broad-band seismic wavefields in 3-D global earth models with undulating discontinuities

K Leng, T Nissen-Meyer, M Van Driel… - Geophysical Journal …, 2019 - academic.oup.com
We present a novel numerical method to simulate global seismic wave propagation in
realistic aspherical 3-D earth models across the observable frequency band of global …

Global observations of reflectors in the mid-mantle with implications for mantle structure and dynamics

L Waszek, NC Schmerr, MD Ballmer - Nature communications, 2018 - nature.com
Seismic tomography indicates that flow is commonly deflected in the mid-mantle. However,
without a candidate mineral phase change, causative mechanisms remain controversial …