Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns
(MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated …

The molecular composition of the cell wall is critical for the biology and ecology of each
fungal species. Fungal walls are composed of matrix components that are embedded and …

Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants enable them
to respond to pathogens by activating the production of defence metabolites that orchestrate …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Plants possess large arsenals of immune receptors capable of recognizing all pathogen
classes. To cause disease, pathogenic organisms must be able to overcome physical …

Plants can be colonized by fungi that have adopted highly diverse lifestyles, ranging from
symbiotic to necrotrophic. Colonization is governed in all systems by hundreds of secreted …

The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes a devastating disease that threatens
global rice (Oryza sativa) production. Despite intense study, the biology of plant tissue …

Fungi have developed a plethora of strategies to colonize plants, and these interactions
result in a broad spectrum of outcomes ranging from beneficial interactions to death of the …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship
with most land plants. They are known to secrete lysin motif (LysM) effectors into host root …