This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Cataplexy is the pathognomonic symptom of narcolepsy, and is the sudden uncontrollable
onset of skeletal muscle paralysis or weakness during wakefulness. Cataplexy is …

Narcolepsy is a life-long, underrecognized sleep disorder that affects 0.02%–0.18% of the
US and Western European populations. Genetic predisposition is suspected because of …

Since their discovery in 1998, the hypocretins (orexins)—peptides that are produced by a
group of neurons situated in the posterolateral hypothalamus—have been shown to excite …

Hypocretins, also named as orexins, are excitatory neuropeptides secreted by neurons
specifically located in lateral hypothalamus and perifornical areas. Orexinergic fibers are …

The management of narcolepsy is presently at a turning point. Three main avenues are
considered in this review: 1) Two tendencies characterize the conventional treatment of …

Narcolepsy is a rare, chronic neurological disease characterized by excessive daytime
sleepiness, cataplexy, vivid hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy occurs in …

Regulation of the sleep-waking cycle is complex and involves diverse brain circuits and
molecules. On one hand, an interplay among many neuroanatomical and neurochemical …

In the past, narcolepsy was primarily treated using amphetamine-like stimulants and tricyclic
antidepressants. Newer and novel agents, such as the wake-promoting compound modafinil …

Regulation of the sleep-waking cycle is complex, involving multiple neurological circuits and
diverse endogenous molecules. Interplay among assorted neuroanatomical and …