▪ Abstract Until recently, direct democracy scholarship was primarily descriptive or
normative. Much of it sought to highlight the processes' shortcomings. We describe new …

This article reviews recent research into corporate voting and elections. Regulatory reforms
have given shareholders more voting power in the election of directors and in executive …

A rich array of institutional diversity makes the United States an excellent place to study the
relationship between political institutions and public policy outcomes. This essay has three …

Direct democracy is alive and well in the United States. Citizens are increasingly using
initiatives and referendums to take the law into their own hands, overriding their elected …

The purpose of this essay is to describe the practice and theory of the increasingly important
political phenomenon of direct democracy and the main lessons from the scholarly literature …

In many Swiss cantons, new government programs must be approved by a referendum of
citizens before money can be spent. Referendums seem like a natural way to address …

The literature on referendums comes to conflicting assessments: for some authors
referendums are equivalent to direct democracy, for others, a poor and unfounded …

Political culture in Switzerland is, to a large extent, influenced by its direct democracy.
Compared to purely representative systems, direct democracy leads to a different type of …

Although some countries have managed toobtain balanced budgets or even
budgetsurpluses in recent times, public debts ofmany OECD countries remain at high levels …

Referendums are playing an increasingly influential role in the process of European
integration. Starting with the entry of a first wave of new European Community members in …