Breathing movements in mammals are driven by rhythmic neural activity generated within
spatially and functionally organized brainstem neural circuits comprising the respiratory …

Breathing is an essential behavior that presents a unique opportunity to understand how the
nervous system functions normally, how it balances inherent robustness with a highly …

The cellular and circuit mechanisms generating the rhythm of breathing in mammals have
been under intense investigation for decades. Here, we try to integrate the key discoveries …

Neural circuits controlling breathing in mammals are organized within serially arrayed and
functionally interacting brainstem compartments extending from the pons to the lower …

Key points Quadrupeds express different gaits depending on speed of locomotion. Central
pattern generators (one per limb) within the spinal cord generate locomotor oscillations and …

The circuit organization within the mammalian brainstem respiratory network, specifically
within and between the pre-Bötzinger (pre-BötC) and Bötzinger (BötC) complexes, and the …

Twenty‐five years ago, a new physiological preparation called the working heart–brainstem
preparation (WHBP) was introduced with the claim it would provide a new platform allowing …

While experimental and theoretical studies have established the prevalence of rhythmic
behaviour at all levels of biological organization, less common is the coexistence between …

The retrotrapezoid nucleus contains Phox2b-expressing glutamatergic neurons (RTN-
Phox2b neurons) that regulate breathing in a CO2-dependent manner. Here we use …

The respiratory rhythm and motor pattern are hypothesized to be generated by a brain stem
respiratory network with a rhythmogenic core consisting of neural populations interacting …