Pain medication plays an important role in the treatment of acute and chronic pain
conditions, but some drugs, opioids in particular, have been overprescribed or prescribed …

Chronic pain is the greatest source of disability globally and claims related to chronic pain
feature in many insurance and medico-legal cases. Brain imaging (for example, functional …

Only humans can report feeling pain. In contrast, pain in animals is typically inferred on the
basis of nonverbal behaviour. Unfortunately, these behavioural data can be problematic …

Chronic pain is an endemic problem involving both peripheral and brain pathophysiology.
Although biomarkers have revolutionized many areas of medicine, biomarkers for pain have …

Imaging of the living human brain is a powerful tool to probe the interactions between brain,
gut and microbiome in health and in disorders of brain–gut interactions, in particular IBS …

To what degree are non-human animals conscious? We propose that the most meaningful
way to approach this question is from the perspective of functional neurobiology. Here we …

Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of electroencephalographic (EEG) data represents a
revolutionary approach to investigate how the brain encodes information. By considering …

Different pain types may be encoded in different brain circuits. Here, we examine similarities
and differences in brain processing of visceral and somatic pain. We analyze data from …

One of the key ambitions of neuroimaging-based pain biomarker research is to augment
patient and clinician reporting of clinically relevant phenomena with neural measures for …

Pain is a highly variable and subjective experience, which results from the flexible
integration of sensory and contextual (eg, cognitive, emotional, and motivational) …