Vaccination serves as a cornerstone of global health. Successful prevention of infection or
disease by vaccines is achieved through elicitation of pathogen-specific antibodies and long …

Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate effector cells that are well described in their
ability to kill virally-infected cells and tumors. However, there is increasing appreciation for …

Adaptive immune responses have been studied extensively in the course of mRNA
vaccination against COVID-19. Considerably fewer studies have assessed the effects on …

Background Innate immunity, armed with pattern recognition receptors including Toll-like
receptors (TLR), is critical for immune cell activation and the connection to anti-microbial …

Traditional vaccine development against infectious diseases has been guided by the
overarching aim to generate efficacious vaccines normally indicated by an antibody and/or …

It has been well-established that antibody isotype, glycosylation, and epitope all play roles in
the process of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). For natural killer (NK) cells …

The overarching structure of the type I interferon (IFN) system is conserved across
vertebrates. However, the variable numbers of whole genome duplication events during fish …

Cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells generated in response to proinflammatory
cytokines in vitro and in vivo can also be generated by vaccination, exhibiting heightened …

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine can
induce a potent cellular and humoral immune response to protect against SARS-CoV-2 …

Introduction. The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) manifesting as severe pneumonia in a subgroup of patients1, 2 has …