With few exceptions biological tissues strongly scatter light, making high-resolution deep
imaging impossible for traditional—including confocal—fluorescence microscopy. Nonlinear …

Preclinical and clinical neurophysiological and neurorehabilitation research has generated
rather surprising levels of recovery of volitional sensory-motor function in persons with …

Two-photon calcium imaging is a powerful means for monitoring the activity of distinct
neurons in brain tissue in vivo. In the mammalian brain, such imaging studies have been …

It is widely recognized that the neural basis of brain function can be fully understood only by
integrating many disciplines at many levels. Studies of synaptic organization are bringing …

Functional organic materials with enhanced two‐photon absorption lead to new
technologies in the fields of chemistry, biology, and photonics. In this article we review …

Nonlinear optics is an essential component of modern laser systems and optoelectronic
devices. It has also emerged as an important tool in probing the electronic, vibrational …

Light scattering by tissue limits the imaging depth of two-photon microscopy and its use for
functional brain imaging in vivo. We investigate the influence of scattering on both …

To visualize odorant representations by receptor neuron input to the mouse olfactory bulb,
we loaded receptor neurons with calcium-sensitive dye and imaged odorant-evoked …

Recently, modern neuroscience has made considerable progress in understanding how the
brain perceives, discriminates, and recognizes odorant molecules. This growing knowledge …

The appeal of in vivo cellular imaging to any neuroscientist is not hard to understand: it is
almost impossible to isolate individual neurons while keeping them and their complex …