Insomnia disorder comprises symptoms during night and day that strongly affect quality of
life and wellbeing. Prolonged sleep latency, difficulties to maintain sleep and early morning …

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have a wide range of key roles throughout the
nervous system. However, their dynamics in both health and disease have been challenging …

To understand what makes sleep vulnerable in disease, it is useful to look at how wake-
promoting mechanisms affect healthy sleep. Wake-promoting neuronal activity is inhibited …

Five decades ago, seminal studies positioned the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC)
norepinephrine (NE) system as a key substrate for the regulation of wakefulness and sleep …

For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus
(LC), the vertebrate brain's principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small …

In our daily life, we are exposed to uncontrollable and stressful events that disrupt our sleep.
However, the underlying neural mechanisms deteriorating the quality of non-rapid eye …

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the pathological accumulation
of amyloid-β and tau begins years before symptom onset. Emerging evidence suggests that …

Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative
focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last …

Arousal state affects neural activity and vascular dynamics in the cortex, with sleep
associated with large changes in the local field potential and increases in cortical blood flow …

In this narrative review, we give an overview of the concept of rapid eye movement sleep
instability and its reported implications in the context of insomnia. The term rapid eye …