BACKGROUND Although plants are dependent on the capture of a number of elemental
nutrients from the soil, the principal nutrients that limit plant productivity are nitrogen (N) and …

At different stages throughout their life cycle, plants often encounter several pathogenic
microbes that challenge plant growth and development. The sophisticated innate plant …

The present scenario of agricultural sector is dependent hugely on the use of chemical-
based fertilizers and pesticides that impact the nutritional quality, health status, and …

Soil metal contamination is a major concern due to the ever-rising number of areas afflicted
worldwide and the detrimental effects of metals to the environment and human health. Due …

In agroecosystems, nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting plant growth. To meet the
increased nitrogen demand in agriculture, synthetic fertilizers have been used extensively in …

Since 1999, various forward-and reverse-genetic approaches have uncovered nearly 200
genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legumes. These discoveries …

Rhizobia are some of the best-studied plant microbiota. These oligotrophic
Alphaproteobacteria or Betaproteobacteria form symbioses with their legume hosts …

In natural environments, plants are exposed to diverse microbiota that they interact with in
complex ways. While plant–pathogen interactions have been intensely studied to …

Endophytes are an endosymbiotic group of microorganisms that colonize in plants and
microbes that can be readily isolated from any microbial or plant growth medium. They act …

The holobiont (host with its endocellular and extracellular microbiome) can function as a
distinct biological entity, an additional organismal level to the ones previously considered …