The study of inflammation in fear-and anxiety-based disorders has gained interest as
growing literature indicates that pro-inflammatory markers can directly modulate affective …

In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only~ 10–15%
of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological …

Objectives To determine whether depression and anxiety in adulthood are associated with
abuse exposure in childhood. Methods A search of PUBMED, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO …

Why Love Matters explains why loving relationships are essential to brain development in
the early years, and how these early interactions can have lasting consequences for future …

Early adversity, for example poor caregiving, can have profound effects on emotional
development. Orphanage rearing, even in the best circumstances, lies outside of the bounds …

Emotional learning is necessary for individuals to survive and prosper. Once acquired,
however, emotional associations are not always expressed. Indeed, the regulation of …

Decreased medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neuronal activity is associated with social defeat-
induced depression-and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. However, the molecular …

The ability to alter emotional responses as circumstances change is a critical component of
normal adaptive behavior and is often impaired in psychological disorders. In this review, we …

Trauma exposure itself in the absence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be
associated with hippocampal volume deficits. We meta-analytically compared hippocampal …

What is psychoanalysis? Is it relevant to today's mental health crisis? How can
psychoanalysis help people suffering from psychological distress and illness? This vital new …