Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) arise from thyroid parafollicular, calcitonin-producing C-
cells and can occur either as sporadic or as hereditary diseases in the context of familial …

The Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic Family Ligands (GFL) are soluble neurotrophic
factors that are required for development of multiple human tissues, but which are also …

Background: Cabozantinib targets tyrosine kinases including MET, vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, and rearranged during transfection (RET). Differentiated …

T-cell immunotherapies are often thwarted by the limited presentation of tumor-specific
antigens abetted by the downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA). We showed that …

Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones (THs). Both deficient
and excess iodine intakes may precipitate in adverse thyroidal events. Radioactive iodine …

Background Thyroid cancer incidence has dramatically increased worldwide over the last
two decades. The rise is mostly due to an increased detection of small papillary thyroid …

Context: Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a single chain oxidoreductase that
catalyzes tryptophan degradation to kynurenine. In cancer, it appears to exert an …

Objective PTC-specific analysis identified novel fusions involving RET, BRAF, NTRK1,
NTRK3, AGK and ALK genes in adults and pediatric PTCs. Although many novel fusions are …

Enormous amounts of childhood thyroid cancers, mostly childhood papillary thyroid
carcinomas (PTCs), after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident have revealed a …

Inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, promote
adverse outcomes in numerous types of cancer; however, their role in papillary thyroid …