Astrocytes, through their close associations with synapses, can monitor and alter synaptic
function, thus actively controlling synaptic transmission in the adult brain. Besides their …

Since Cajal's first drawings of Golgi stained neurons, generations of researchers have been
fascinated by the small protrusions, termed spines, studding many neuronal dendrites. Most …

To achieve its precise neural connectivity, the developing mammalian nervous system
undergoes extensive activity-dependent synapse remodelling. Recently, microglial cells …

Neuronal networks are capable of undergoing rapid structural and functional changes called
plasticity, which are essential for shaping circuit function during nervous system …

The mechanism of memory remains one of the great unsolved problems of biology.
Grappling with the question more than a hundred years ago, the German zoologist Richard …

While memories are often thought of as flashbacks to a previous experience, they do not
simply conserve veridical representations of the past but must continually integrate new …

Identification of complex molecular networks underlying common human phenotypes is a
major challenge of modern genetics. In this study, we develop a method for network-based …

Recent studies have provided long-sought evidence that behavioural learning involves
specific synapse gain and elimination processes, which lead to memory traces that influence …

Dendritic spines are small actin-rich protrusions from neuronal dendrites that form the
postsynaptic part of most excitatory synapses and are major sites of information processing …

Biology presents many wonders, but one of the most remarkable is how a complex
multicellular organism grows from a single cell. Until recently, the processes involved …