The discovery of neuronal systems dedicated to computing spatial information, composed of
functionally distinct cell types such as place and grid cells, combined with an extensive body …

The mechanisms involved in plasticity in the nervous system are thought to support
cognition, and some of these processes are affected during normal ageing. Notably …

This review covers the spatial and temporal rules governing induction of hippocampal long-
term potentiation (LTP) by theta-burst stimulation. Induction of LTP in field CA1 by high …

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by extensive neuron death that leads to
functional decline, but the neurobiological correlates of functional decline in normal aging …

Improvements in health care have greatly increased life span in the United States. The focus
is now shifting from physical well-being to improvement in mental well-being or maintenance …

Aging is associated with specific impairments of learning and memory, some of which are
similar to those caused by hippocampal damage. Studies of the effects of aging on …

Even in healthy individuals there is an inexorable agerelated decline in cognitive function.
This is due, in large part, to reduced synaptic plasticity caused by changes in the molecular …

Physical exercise may improve cognitive function by modulating molecular and cellular
mechanisms within the brain. We propose that the facilitation of long-term synaptic …

▪ Abstract This review addresses the importance of animal models for understanding the
effects of normal aging on the brain and cognitive functions. First, studies of laboratory …

Cognitive alterations occur over the lifespan of every species studied and have been
quantified carefully in humans, other primates and rodents. Correspondingly, changes in …