By definition, flashboiling is referred to as superheated injections. The sudden occurrence of
boiling inside the fuel can change the spray structure dramatically. Up to 99% of all injection …

Butanol, which can be derived from biomass, is an attractive alternative energy resource to
petroleum fuels. Recently, butanol seems to be preferred over other alcohols, particularly for …

Fuels for automotive propulsion are frequently blends of conventional gasoline and ethanol.
However, the effects of adding an alcohol to a petrochemical fuel are yet to be fully …

As increasing fuel injection pressure in GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engines has been
used for improving atomization quality, raising fuel temperature is also receiving more and …

In various research studies, ethanol blended fuels have shown reduced particulate matter
(PM) emissions in comparison to gasoline and its surrogate fuels in direct-injection spark …

In this study macroscopic spray characteristics and droplet size distribution were measured
for spray emanating from a six-hole solenoid GDI fuel injector. Three test fuels namely …

The soot formation and in-cylinder soot oxidation in an optically accessible DISI-engine is
analyzed for gasoline-ethanol and-butanol mixtures. The volumetric extinction measurement …

Soot formation in DISI-(direct-injection spark-ignition) sprays is analyzed for ethanol-
mixtures under stratified charge conditions. The investigation is conducted in a constant …

Lemon peel oil (LPO: C 10 H 16 O 0.082) shows very similar calorific value, stoichiometric
air to fuel ratio as isooctane, an ideal reference fuel for a gasoline engine, and also …

Spray characterization of GDI injectors is of significant importance as it influences the overall
engine performance and its emissions. Spray morphology under various engine like …