Tics can be associated with neurological disorders and are thought to be the result of
dysfunctional basal ganglia pathways. In Tourette Syndrome (TS), excess dopamine in the …

Tics are the defining symptom of Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders (TDs); however,
they form only a part of their overall symptoms. The recent surge of studies addressing the …

Objectives Autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and tic disorder (Tourette
syndrome; TS) are neurodevelopmental conditions that frequently co-occur and impact …

Motor and vocal tics have long been recognised as the core features of Tourette syndrome
(TS). However, patients' first-person accounts have consistently reported that these …

Abstract Purpose of Review This study aims to examine the treatments currently available for
Tourette syndrome (TS) and to discuss evolving therapies, spanning behavioral …

Tourette syndrome is a hyperkinetic movement disorder. Characteristic features include tics,
recurrent movements that are experienced as compulsive and “unwilled”; uncomfortable …

Cardiac vagal control (CVC) reflects the activity of the vagus nerve regulating cardiac
functioning. CVC can be inferred via heart rate variability measurement, and it has been …

Purpose of review: To summarize behavioral interventions for the treatment of primary tic
disorders. Recent findings: Although tics were attributed to a disordered weak volition, the …

Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by motor and phonic
tics. Tics are typically experienced as avolitional, compulsive, and associated with …

Tics, often preceded by premonitory urges, are the clinical hallmark of Tourette syndrome.
They resemble spontaneous movements, but are exaggerated, repetitive and appear …