Plant growth often encounters diverse abiotic stresses. As a global resource-based
ecological problem, salinity is widely distributed and one of the major abiotic stresses …

Maize (Zea mays L.), a major multipurpose crop for food, feed and energy is extremely
susceptible to environmental perturbations and setting off the major factors for limiting maize …

Salinity is a global conundrum that negatively affects various biometrics of agricultural crops.
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a phytohormone that reinforces multilayered defense strategies …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial for the plant growth under heavy metal
stress. Such beneficial effect is improved by elevated CO 2 (eCO 2). However, the …

The mechanisms underlie increased stress tolerance in plants of salinity stress in plants by
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are poorly understood, particularly the role of polyamine …

Chromium (Cr) is a serious environmental contaminant that drastically limited the crop
yields. Nitric oxide (NO) and spermine (Spm) portrayal significance in improving the plant …

Chromium (Cr) is an important environmental constraint effecting crop productivity.
Spermine (SPM) is a polyamine compound regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses …

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that severely impairs plant growth and
productivity. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a chilling-sensitive crop. Grafting of …

The most dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiont can be established on roots of
most terrestrial plants by beneficial AM fungi. A type of polycationic and aliphatic …

Chromium (Cr) contamination reduces crop productivity worldwide. On the other hand, the
expected increase in the future CO 2 levels (eCO 2) would improve plant growth under …