DNA vaccination is a promising alternative strategy for developing new human and animal
vaccines. The massive efforts made these past 25 years to increase the immunizing …

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of ginseng stem-and-
leaf saponin (GSLS) on immune responses in chickens vaccinated with live Newcastle …

The basic objective of this study was to enumerate whether co-administration of interferon-γ
(IFN-γ) and/or interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene along with a bivalent Newcastle disease (ND) DNA …

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes economically significant Newcastle disease (ND) in
almost all birds worldwide. Previous studies have shown that NDV induces caspase …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are common viral diseases of
chickens, which are caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus …

Many viral proteins are responsible for causing induction of apoptosis in the target cells.
Hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN), a multifunctional protein of Newcastle disease virus …

The present study describes the development of DNA vaccines using the hemagglutinin-
neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) genes from AF2240 Newcastle disease virus strain …

The viral gene oncotherapy in combination with cytokines emerges as an exciting strategy
for cancer therapy due to its minimal side effects and tumor specificity. HN is the surface …

Newcastle disease (ND) is highly contagious, economically important viral disease affecting
most of avian species worldwide. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has single stranded …

Tumor Necrosis factor (TNF), a pleiotropic cytokine, has been shown to have direct anti-
tumor activity killing tumor cells while sparing normal cells. In the present study, we amplified …