The increasing energy demand and diminishing fossil fuel sources have called for the
exploration of new energy sources. To satisfy growing global energy demand and …

Currently, due to the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization in developing
countries, a large volume of wastewater is produced from industries that contain chemicals …

The use of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly necessary. Biomass is
considered to have potential to be used as an alternative energy source. The bio-oil …

Constructed wetland is considered a promising approach for water remediation due to its
high efficiency, low operation costs, and ecological benefits, but the large amounts of …

Lignocellulosic and waste materials represent a considerable potential for biofuel
production. Currently, they are not fully utilised due to low biofuel yields from biological …

Biochar is the solid residue that is recovered after the thermal cracking of biomasses in an
oxygen-free atmosphere. Biochar has been used for many years as a soil amendment and …

Biochar is widely used in various fields due to its good physical and chemical properties.
The biochar prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis is affected by reaction parameters …

The liquefaction of biomass is an important technology to converse the biomass into
valuable biofuel. The common technologies for liquefaction of biomass are indirect …

Increasing energy demand coupled with greater consumer awareness of sustainability in
meeting that demand has made the need to find renewable alternatives to fossil-derived …

Lignocellulosic waste material serves as a considerable renewable feedstock that could be
used to replace oil refineries with biorefineries. Indeed, all biomass components can be …