Migraine is a common, disabling neurological disorder characterized by multiple phases:
premonitory, aura, headache, postdrome, and interictal. Our understanding of the …

Regular or frequent use of analgesics and acute antimigraine drugs can increase the
frequency of headache, and induce the transition from episodic to chronic headache or …

Pain perception is essential for survival and can be amplified or suppressed by
expectations, experiences, and context. The neural mechanisms underlying bidirectional …

Neuropeptides play important modulatory roles throughout the nervous system, functioning
as direct effectors or as interacting partners with other neuropeptide and neurotransmitter …

Opioids are the most commonly used and effective analgesic treatments for severe pain, but
they have recently come under scrutiny owing to epidemic levels of abuse and overdose …

In the mid-1970s, an intense race to identify endogenous substances that activated the
same receptors as opiates resulted in the identification of the first endogenous opioid …

Migraine headache results from activation of meningeal nociceptors, however, the
hypothalamus is activated many hours before the emergence of pain. How hypothalamic …

Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Until
a few years ago, preventive migraine treatments were based on molecules with pleiotropic …

Background Ubrogepant, a small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor
antagonist, was recently approved as an oral medication for the acute treatment of migraine …

Chronic pain is associated with neuroplastic changes in the amygdala that may promote
hyper-responsiveness to mechanical and thermal stimuli (allodynia and hyperalgesia) …