Enterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds,
yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections …

Beach sand is a habitat that supports many microbes, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and
protozoa (micropsammon). The apparently inhospitable conditions of beach sand …

Background: Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antibiotics is linked to
their ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial-resistant determinants in nature, and …

Swimming advisories due to excessive Escherichia coli concentrations are common at 63rd
Street Beach, Chicago, Ill. An intensive study was undertaken to characterize the source and …

To protect bather health at recreational beaches, fecal indicator bacterial standards are used
to monitor water quality, and waters exceeding the standards are subsequently closed to …

Recent studies suggest that sand can serve as a vehicle for exposure of humans to
pathogens at beach sites, resulting in increased health risks. Sampling for microorganisms …

Fecal indicator levels in nearshore waters of South Florida are routinely monitored to assess
microbial contamination at recreational beaches. However, samples of sand from the surf …

The goal of most studies published on sand contaminants is to gather and discuss
knowledge to avoid faecal contamination of water by run-offs and tide-retractions. Other life …

Recent studies of beach sand fecal contamination have triggered interest among scientists
and in the media. Although evidence shows that beach sand can harbor high concentrations …

This report documents the presence of fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in sand at
53 California marine beaches using both culture-dependent and-independent (PCR and …