In the face of an “epidemic” increase in myopia over the last decades and myopia
prevalence predicted to reach 2.5 billion people by the end of this decade, there is an urgent …

This review summarizes the experimental evidence in support of dopamine's role as a
chemical messenger for light adaptation. Dopamine is released by a unique set of amacrine …

Caenorhabditis elegans modulates its locomotory rate in response to its food, bacteria, in
two ways. First, well-fed wild-type animals move more slowly in the presence of bacteria …

A worthy goal of systems neuroscience is to dissect the cellular and circuit basis of behavior
in order to extend the insights gained from the study of normal brain organization in animal …

Rats were pretreated with daily cocaine or saline injections for 1 week. The rats treated with
daily cocaine were separated into two groups: a sensitized group of animals demonstrating> …

Area-restricted search (ARS) is a foraging strategy used by many animals to locate
resources. The behavior is characterized by a time-dependent reduction in turning …

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide from l-
arginine, exists in three major isoforms, neuronal, endothelial, and immunologic. Neuronal …

Neurobiology of retinal dopamine is reviewed and discussed in relation to degenerative
states of the tissue. The Introduction deals with the basic physiological actions of dopamine …

We survey the evidence for L-glutamate's role as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of
vertebrate retinas. The physiological and molecular properties of glutamate receptors in the …

Form deprivation and low illuminance of ambient light are known to induce myopia in chicks.
Low concentrations of retinal dopamine, a light-driven neurohormone, was previously …