Although transcription is an essential cellular process, it is paradoxically also a well-
recognized cause of genomic instability. R-loops, non-B DNA structures formed when …

The immune system has evolved to protect the host from the pathogens and allergens
surrounding their environment. The immune system develops in such a way to recognize …

Abstract R-loops are RNA–DNA-hybrid-containing nucleic acids with important cellular
roles. Deregulation of R-loop dynamics can lead to DNA damage and genome instability …

Cytosolic DNA promotes inflammatory responses upon detection by the cyclic GMP‐AMP
(cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). It has been suggested that cGAS downregulation is an immune …

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is a putative second messenger molecule that is
conserved from bacteria to humans. Nevertheless, its physiological role and the underlying …

Nucleic acids (NAs) represent one of the most important classes of molecules recognized by
the innate immune system. However, NAs are not limited to pathogens, but are also present …

The maintenance of genomic stability in multicellular organisms relies on the DNA damage
response (DDR). The DDR encompasses several interconnected pathways that cooperate …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer of poor prognosis that presents with
a dense desmoplastic stroma that contributes to therapeutic failure. PDAC patients are …

Cellular homeostasis requires adaption to environmental stress. In response to various
environmental and genotoxic stresses, all cells produce dinucleoside polyphosphates …

While viral replication processes are largely understood, comparably little is known on
cellular mechanisms degrading viral RNA. Some viral RNAs bear a 5′-triphosphate (PPP-) …