Due to the increasing number of underground metro stations worldwide and the great
energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in …

Underground transportation systems are big energy consumers and have significant impacts
on energy consumption at a regional scale. The literature has revealed that the energy …

As the natural resources are becoming exhausted, energy consumption by metro systems
dominates internal transportation resources in urban areas. The comprehensive exploration …

This paper describes a coupled dynamic simulation of an indoor environment with heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, controls and building envelope heat …

The air flows induced by train movement in tunnels can be used for the purposes of
underground railway ventilation. The magnitude of such air flows depends strongly upon the …

Constant-speed air-cooled water chillers (CAWCs) are typically on–off controlled in
accordance with a fixed set point of chilled water return temperature (T wr), which seriously …

Smart building systems are opening up new markets, nevertheless the implementation of
these novel technologies still lacks suitable and proven whole engineering solutions in …

Several previous research initiatives have highlighted the role of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT) as key enablers for decreasing energy usage in …

Ventilations with stratified air distributions are commonly used to reduce building energy
consumption while improving the indoor environment quality. This paper describes the …

Energy analysis is an integral component of sustainable building practices. Energy analysis
coupled with optimization techniques may offer solutions for greater energy efficiency over …