Large herbivores have a keystone role in many forest ecosystems. There is widespread
recognition that undesirable changes may be caused by the complete removal of grazing …

This overview of relationships between biodiversity and management focuses on Central
European Fagus forests. Present management and conservation activities are embedded in …

With progressing climate change, increasing weather extremes will endanger tree
regeneration. Canopy openings provide light for tree establishment, but also reduce the …

Many tree species worldwide are suffering from slow or failed natural regeneration with
dramatic consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, it is difficult to …

Heavy browsing pressure from large ungulates is a multicontinent phenomenon that causes
regeneration failure of many palatable tree species and induces important socioeconomic …

Browsing by ungulates can affect the development of a forest stand due to selective
browsing and shifts in the growth ranking between tree species. Assessing browsing impact …

Key message Climate-warming related replacement of beech by oak forests in the course of
natural forest succession or silvicultural decisions may considerably reduce ecosystem …

Large herbivores can shape young forest stands and determine the successional trajectory
of forested ecosystems by selectively browsing palatable species at the sapling stage …

The herbaceous understory represents a key component of forest biodiversity across
temperate forests of Europe. Here, we quantified changes in the diversity and composition of …

Mountain forest managers face the challenge to anticipate climate change (CC) impacts
across large elevational ranges. For management planning, information on site-specific long …