Objective To systematically review the scientific literature regarding factors to consider when
providing advice or guidance to athletes about retirement from contact or collision sport …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition in which trauma to the head causes
damage to the brain, leading to a disruption in brain function. This is a significant health …

Axonal varicosities are enlarged, heterogeneous structures along axonal shafts, profoundly
affecting axonal conduction and synaptic transmission. They represent a key pathological …

Sports | Free Full-Text | Genetic Factors That Could Affect Concussion Risk in Elite Rugby Next
Article in Journal Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Sports in 2020 Next Article in Special Issue …

Background Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an important pleiotropic hormone that
exerts neuroprotective and neuroreparative effects after a brain injury. However, the roles of …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition in which trauma to the head causes
damage to the brain, leading to a disruption in brain function. This is a significant health …

Due to the heterogenous nature of concussion, also known as mild traumatic brain injury
(mTBI), it can be assumed that genetics may play a role. The various risk factors associated …

Elite rugby league and union have some of the highest reported rates of concussion (mild
traumatic brain injury) in professional sport due in part to their full-contact high-velocity …

Concussion is a brain injury that occurs when biomechanical forces are transmitted to the
head, resulting in a sudden onset of neurological deficits. The heterogeneity of concussion …

Women's rugby union has experienced unprecedented growth in recent years, with female
players now comprising one-third of the global rugby playing population. Despite these …