This paper addresses the challenges in developing a sustainable biodiesel industry
especially in Malaysia. The challenges discussed in this paper are divided into three main …

Due to the awareness of adverse effects of conventional fuels to environment and the
frequent rise in crude oil's price, the need for sustainable and environment friendly alternate …

The worldwide fossil fuel reserves are rapidly and continually being depleted as a result of
the rapid increase in global population and rising energy sector needs. Fossil fuels should …

A novel solid acid nano-catalyst [Ti (SO 4) O] was synthesised and used for the
simultaneous esterification and transesterification of free fatty acids in used cooking oil …

In this work, a techno-economic and life cycle assessment of a novel catalytic methane-
assisted process for the production of renewable diesel has been performed. A systematic …

The review briefly describes various types of infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy
methods. At the beginning of the review, the basic concepts of biological methods of …

Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid esters formed by transesterification of vegetable oil,
animal fat, algae oil or waste oil with an alcohol like methanol (CH 3 OH), ethanol (C 2 H 5 …

Food waste is the outcome of different food processing practices that have not been reused
and are disposed of as waste. Food wastes are rich in a wide variety of organic constituents …

Biodiesel, a renewable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, has garnered significant
attention as a potential solution to the growing energy crisis and environmental concerns …

The aim of this work was to compare two different techniques for the esterification of waste
cooking oil having high free fatty acids (FFA) content. The first method was esterification …