ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human
polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of …

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a highly sensitive technique that provides complete information
on chemical compositions. The IR spectra of proteins or peptides give rise to nine …

Synapse loss and damage are central features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contribute to
the onset and progression of its behavioural and physiological features. Here we review the …

Loss of memory during Alzheimer's disease (AD), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is
associated with neuronal loss and the aggregation of amyloid proteins into neurotoxic β …

Beta amyloid, Aβ 1–42, originally named as Amyloid A4 protein, is one of the most
investigated peptides in neuroscience and has attracted substantial interest since its …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the
elderly population, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and pathological …

Protein misfolding and aggregation, a key contributor to the progression of numerous
neurodegenerative diseases, results in functional deficiencies and the creation of harmful …

Infrared spectroscopic imaging is widely used for the visualization of biomolecule structures,
and techniques such as optical photothermal infrared (OPTIR) microspectroscopy can …

The hippocampus is important for memory formation and is severely affected in the brain
with Alzheimer disease (AD). Our understanding of early pathogenic processes occurring in …

The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by hyperphosphorylated
tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Aβ plaques are …