This review examines the social, economic, and political effects of environmental
conservation projects as they are manifested in protected areas. We pay special attention to …

Agricultural activities and their complex effects on nature conservation, and the services that
ecosystems deliver to humans are controversial. We present an overview of land …

This article presents a critical review of recent writings that argue that people-oriented
approaches to conservation have largely failed to achieve their main goal--the protection of …

Although it has been established that there is a strong geographical component to conflicts,
previous studies on Protected Area (PA) conflicts have tended to focus on assessing the …

This paper presents a geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria decision
making approach for forest conservation planning at a landscape scale. This approach …

Ecotourism is now the fastest-growing sector in the Himalayan region as well as in the
Garhwal region (Uttarakhand, India) as it has negligible adverse impacts on the environment …

As countries consider new area-based conservation targets under the Convention on
Biological Diversity, protected areas (PAs) and their impacts on people and nature are …

Large numbers of people living in and around protected areas are highly dependent on the
natural resources. However, simply excluding them from the area management has always …

Land-use change has important implications for sustainable livelihood of local communities
where traditional crop–livestock mixed farming is sustained with local inputs. Knowledge of …

The amount, the rate and the intensity of land use and land cover change are very high in
developing countries. The human impacts upon the land are still very great and increasing …