Genetic analysis, embryonic tissue explantation and in vivo chromatin studies have together
identified the distinct regulatory steps that are necessary for the development of endoderm …

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family consists of at least 15 structurally related
polypeptide growth factors. Their expression is controlled at the levels of transcription …

The signaling molecules that elicit embryonic induction of the liver from the mammalian gut
endoderm or induction of other gut-derived organs are unknown. Close proximity of cardiac …

Cell fate and morphogenesis within the embryo is dependent upon secreted molecules that
transduce signals between neighboring tissues. Reciprocal mesenchymal-epithelial …

Vertebrate heart development is initiated from bilateral lateral plate mesoderm that
expresses the Nkx2. 5 and GATA4 transcription factors, but the extracellular signals …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a potent regulator of many cellular functions
and phenomena, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion, migration …

Since the first half of the 20th century, experimental embryologists have noted a relationship
between endoderm cells and the development of cardiac tissue from mesoderm. During the …

Cardiac muscle creation during embryogenesis requires extracellular instructive signals that
are regulated precisely in time and space, intersecting with intracellular genetic programs …

The development of the embryonic heart is dependent upon the generation and
incorporation of different mesenchymal subpopulations that derive from intra‐and extra …

FGF signaling uses receptor tyrosine kinases that form high-affinity complexes with FGFs
and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans at the cell surface. It is hypothesized that assembly …