As the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, oxygen is vital to produce ATP
in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. In most vertebrates, the absence of oxygen …

Glutamate acts as the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and plays a vital role in
physiological and pathological neuronal functions. In mammals, glutamate can cause …

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a large population of patients who are slow to recover
consciousness following mechanical ventilation and sedation in the intensive care unit. Few …

The development of anoxia within tissues represents a significant challenge to most animals
because of the decreased capacity for aerobic ATP production, the associated loss of …

Mitochondria are important to cellular homeostasis, but can become a dangerous liability
when cells recover from hypoxia. Anoxia-tolerant freshwater turtles show reduced …

Symbiosis is found throughout nature, but perhaps nowhere is it more fundamental than
mitochondria in all eukaryotes. Since mitochondria were discovered and mechanisms of …

In anoxia-sensitive mammals, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) promotes cellular survival in
hypoxia, but also tumorigenesis. By comparison, anoxia-tolerant vertebrates likely need to …

Increases in temperature related to global warming have important implications for
organismal fitness. For ectotherms inhabiting temperate regions,'winter warming'is likely to …

To lend insight into the potential role of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in
facilitating anoxia survival of anoxia-tolerant vertebrates, we quantified the gene expression …

We indirectly assessed if altered transarcolemmal Ca 2+ flux accompanies the decreased
cardiac activity displayed by Trachemys scripta with anoxia exposure and cold acclimation …