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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is now clearly a true autoimmune disease with accumulating
evidence of pathogenic disease‐specific autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins. Citrullination …

Objectives: A gene–environment interaction between HLA-DR shared epitope genes and
smoking in anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has …

Objective In the majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antibodies specifically
recognize citrullinated autoantigens that are generated by peptidylarginine deiminases …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are frequently observed in target organs of autoimmune
diseases. TLS present features of secondary lymphoid organs such as segregated T and B …

Posttranslational modifications are chemical changes to proteins that take place after
synthesis. One such modification, peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline conversion, catalysed …

Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by breach of self-tolerance towards
citrullinated antigens with generation of anti-citrullinated peptide/proteins antibodies …

Objective Autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) are specific for rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) and probably are involved in its pathophysiology. Citrullyl residues …

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with the development of autoantibodies to citrullinated
self-proteins. Citrullinated synovial proteins, which are generated via the actions of the …

A protein undergoes many types of posttranslation modification. Citrullination is one of these
modifications, where an arginine amino acid is converted to a citrulline amino acid. This …