The pleiotropic role of vitamin D has been explored over the past decades and there is
compelling evidence for an epidemiological association between poor vitamin D status and …

Vitamin D (VitD) is a prohormone most noted for the regulation of calcium and phosphate
levels in circulation, and thus of bone metabolism. Inflammatory and immune cells not only …

Regulation of immune function continues to be one of the most well recognized extraskeletal
actions of vitamin D. This stemmed initially from the discovery that antigen presenting cells …

Over the last three decades, it has become clear that the role of vitamin D goes beyond the
regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone health. An important extraskeletal effect of …

Vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and vitamin D receptors are present in many cell types
including various immune cells such as antigen-presenting-cells, T cells, B cells and …

The classical function of Vitamin D, which involves mineral balance and skeletal
maintenance, has been known for many years. With the discovery of vitamin D receptors in …

The most recent findings linking exposure to sun and vitamin D insufficiency to multiple
sclerosis (MS) are reviewed. Due to insufficient sunshine and changing lifestyles …

The immune system, innate and adaptive, is a highly evolved and complex network,
essential for promoting survival in an environment full of potential pathogens, while …

In the last 5 years, there has been a remarkable change in our understanding of the health
benefits of vitamin D. The classical actions of vitamin D as a determinant of mineral …

Immunomodulatory responses to the active form of vitamin D (1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,
25D) have been recognized for many years, but it is only in the last 5 years that the potential …